3 Simple Steps to Start to Think in Spanish

How can I start to think in Spanish and stop translating word-for-word in my head? – Real Fast Spanish Subscriber

If you want to produce Spanish confidently, quickly and accurately, you need to learn how to start thinking in Spanish. And, how to avoid translating each and every word in your head from English to Spanish. 

In this article, you’ll learn how to start developing your thinking in Spanish, how to view the problem, and how to reduce the need to translate word-for-word.

How to think about the problem

Almost every day, I receive a question from a Spanish student asking why there isn’t an exact translation for a given English sentence in Spanish.

For example: 

English: I have to go to the bank.
Español: Yo tengo que ir al banco.

Student question: why do we say ‘que’ since the Spanish word ‘a’ is ‘to’ in English?

Or another example: 

English: Have you met María?
Español: ¿Conoces a María?

Student question: why do we say ‘conoces’ which is present tense in Spanish when ‘have you met’ is the past tense in English? And why do we need the ‘a’? 

For me, part of what makes learning Spanish so fun is the different ways English and Spanish address similar ideas. 

To respond to these questions, I often start by saying that English and Spanish are different languages. And, students will universally accept the idea that English and Spanish won’t have identical vocabulary, grammar and sentence structure. 

But, they’ll still be frustrated by a lack of consistency, logic or simple rules we can apply in several situations. 

Part of the problem is that there are many sentences in Spanish that we can translate exactly word-for-word.

For example:

English: I can finish the project tomorrow.
Español: Yo puedo terminar el proyecto mañana.

Here we can translate word-for-word because both languages have equivalent vocabulary and an identical sentence structure in this context. 

This happens a lot in Spanish which means students can get accustomed to finding word-for-word translations. 

But, then there are situations where a word-for-word translation ends up a long way from where we need to be.

For example: 

English: I haven’t got any soup left.
Español: No me queda nada de sopa.

Here ‘haven’t’ may tempt a student to use ‘tener‘. ‘Got’ may tempt a student to use ‘conseguir‘. ‘Any’ may tempt a student to use ‘alguno‘ or ‘ninguno‘. And, ‘left‘ may cause more confusion. 

So, what do we do about this? How do we deal with the contrast between sentences that we can translate word-for-word and the ones we can’t?

In other words, how do we start to think in Spanish? 

Step 1 – To think in Spanish, learn to let go 

Probably the most important step in the process of starting to think in Spanish is letting go of the need to find an exact word-for-word translation. 

I’ll admit this is easier said than done.

But, it starts by letting go of the need to find an exact word-for-word translation. And, this is a skill that you can improve.

Instead of trying to push your understanding of an unusual Spanish phrase by searching for the best possible equivalent in English, remind yourself that English and Spanish are different languages and that a perfect word-for-word translation may not exist. 

Every time you see a Spanish phrase with a translation that doesn’t line up exactly as you expect it would, ask yourself the following questions: 

1. Do I roughly know what this Spanish sentence means? 
2. Do I know enough to attempt to use this Spanish sentence in a conversation?

If you can say ‘yes’ to both of these questions, or even two strong ‘maybes’, then this is enough!!

Try the sentence out in a Spanish conversation and see if the native you are speaking with can follow you.

If so, fantastic, you can move onto another concept. 

It may be true that you don’t have a deeply internalised understanding of what the Spanish sentence means in English.

But, if you can use it, and a Spanish native understands it. The process of letting go has done its job. 

Then, over time, as you use the sentence more, it will start to feel more and more comfortable. 

The next step is to look for better ways to think about learning new Spanish structures.

Step 2 – Ask ‘how’ questions instead of ‘why’ questions

“An approximate answer to the right question is worth far more than a precise answer to the wrong one.” — John Tukey. 

If you ever work as a language teacher, you’ll see a pattern emerge around ‘why’ questions. 

You might have noticed the two examples I provided above both had ‘why’ questions from students. 

Here is another example: 

English: The night, the day.
Español: La noche, el día.

Student question: why is ‘night’ feminine and ‘day’ masculine in Spanish, especially when ‘día’ ends in the letter ‘a’?

(As an aside: I actually got this question today while writing this article. How would you respond to this question?)

The pattern that occurs is that some students want to know the ‘why’ behind almost everything. And, often there isn’t a good answer. 

With Spanish noun gender, the gender is assigned based on spelling, etymology, analogy or some other convention.

And, there are exceptions to almost every case. 

Why would some words be assigned gender based on etymology when other words from Latin are assigned gender based on spelling or analogy? 

Often, there is no good answer, it’s just the way it is. 

The main problem with ‘why’ questions:

Moreover, the main problem with ‘why’ questions is if there is no good answer, it can leave you feeling frustrated. 

But, then, if there is a good answer, often knowing it actually won’t help you move towards your goals with Spanish.  

For example, if we combine direct and indirect object pronouns in Spanish, we get: 

English: I need to give it to him. 
Español: Necesito dárselo.

Student question: why do we need to say ‘se lo’ instead of ‘le lo’?

Here, there is actually a good ‘why’ answer. And that is ‘se lo’ is easier to say than ‘le lo’.

But, while this is a reasonable answer to the ‘why’ question, this information may not help a Spanish student remember to say ‘se lo’ when they need to use it in a Spanish conversation. 

This is because knowing the answer to the ‘why’ question doesn’t necessarily assist in creating useful memory associations or improve a student’s knowledge of the actual phrase.

For example, maybe the student that asked this question, in the future will need to say “I need to give it to him”. And the first thing that comes to their mind is “I know I need something here that is easier to say but I can’t remember what it is”. 

In my mind, the reason students ask ‘why’ questions is because they haven’t followed through on step 1 above.

They are frustrated with the differences between Spanish and English and want to know ‘why’ they occur.

For example, we used to have this sentence in our grammar hacking article:

English: I have eaten the apple.
Español: Me he comido la manzana.

Student question: why do we need the ‘me’? Can I just say this sentence without the ‘me’? 

The reason this question comes up is that students want the Spanish sentence to sound more like English. Without the ‘me‘, we can translate word-for-word.

But, I encourage you right now, if you don’t know why we need ‘me‘, try to sit with this sentence. Try to just accept it without the need to know why it occurs this way.

Instead, just think about other ways you can use the sentence. I’ve eaten the bread, the pasta, my dinner, the whole block of chocolate etc.

And, if you find yourself wanting to ask ‘why’ questions often, go back and review step 1. See if you start to become more comfortable without exact word-for-word translations. 

Then, look to change the way you ask questions in the learning process.  

A better approach is to start asking ‘how’ questions:

Instead of asking ‘why’ questions, when you are learning a language, it is much more powerful for your memory, retention and understanding to ask ‘how’ questions. 

For example: 

Instead of: 

• Why is ‘el día’ masculine and ‘la noche’ feminine? 

Ask questions like: 

• How can I remember that ‘el día’ is masculine and ‘la noche’ is feminine? 
• Or, how can I get used to ‘el día’ being masculine and ‘la noche’ being feminine?
• And, how can I use ‘el día’ and ‘la noche’ in a Spanish sentence? 

If you can come up with a good answer to these questions, you’ll end up with everything that you need. 

Moreover, the answers can be different for every student. And, they don’t have to be perfect. 

For example: 

Question: How can I remember that ‘el día’ is masculine and ‘la noche’ is feminine? 

First student: I can remember ‘e’ and ‘d’ are close in the alphabet. And, ‘l’ and ‘n’ are close in the alphabet. Therefore, it’s ‘el día’ and ‘la noche’. 

Second student: I have a male friend ‘Ed’ that reminds me of ‘El día’. And, I have a female friend ‘Lana’ that reminds me of ‘La noche’.

Third student: I can remember that in the day ‘el día’ we see the masculine sun ‘el sol’. And at night ‘la noche’ we see the feminine moon ‘la luna’. 

The key is that coming up with answers to these questions helps you remember what you need to know. 

In contrast, if we answer the ‘why’ question and learn that both ‘el dia’ and ‘la noche’ are masculine and feminine because of their etymology, where that was their original gender in Latin, this doesn’t help us when we need to use these words in a Spanish conversation. 

So, now you have let go of the need to find exact word-for-word translations. And, you have started to ask ‘how’ questions for memory. The last step is to continue learning. 

Step 3 – Continue to build your knowledge of Spanish 

As a Spanish student, it’s your job to continue to learn and grow your knowledge of Spanish. That way, over time, you’ll have an ever-increasing toolkit that will allow you more ways to think in Spanish. 

Moreover, as a Spanish teacher, I feel it is my central job to help students ‘think in Spanish’ by introducing concepts that are different from English.

In our Spanish courses, every lesson of every week involves an explanation of how Spanish is different from English and how you can develop your Spanish thinking.

And, every time I share a lesson, give an example, answer a question, teach new vocabulary, or explain a grammar rule, I’m helping students find new ways to improve their thinking. 

That said, over the years, I have had a number of students propose the idea that ‘thinking in Spanish’ is a switch that you can turn on and off. 

In other words, they have spent enough time learning the language and they just need to ‘turn on’ the magic ‘thinking in Spanish’ part of their brain and instantly achieve fluency. 

However, it doesn’t work like this. 

If you don’t have a word, phrase, or grammar rule, you won’t be able to find it in your mind by simply changing the way you think. 

For example, if you want to say: 

English: Yesterday I went to the beach and saw crabs on the sand. 
Español: Ayer fui a la playa y vi ______ en _______. 

If you can’t remember or have never seen the word for ‘crab’ in Spanish (el cangrejo) or the word for sand (la arena), then you won’t be able to say this sentence.

Here is another example, with a few tricky grammar points: 

English: What is the first thing you think of when you get up in the morning?
Español: ¿Qué es lo primero en lo que piensas cuando te levantas por la mañana? 

Again, if you haven’t been exposed to the use of ‘lo’, sentence word order, reflexive verbs, or preposition use, this sentence will be hard to produce. 

In essence, your ability to think in Spanish comes down to how well you have been exposed to the language and retained the ways that Spanish is different from English. 

And, to improve this, you need to keep learning and exposing yourself to Spanish in a systematic way. And, using techniques such as letting go and asking better questions to retain what you have learnt. 

Your turn

Thinking in Spanish and avoiding word-for-word translations is important for your development as a Spanish student. 

Start by working on letting go of the need to find exact word-for-word translations.

Then, look for ways to ask better questions for retention.

And, over time, continue to build your knowledge of the Spanish language, and how it differs from English.

How else can you improve your ability to think in Spanish?